Amber in perfumery is a reference to a synthetically developed full-bodied accord that uses materials like patchouli, frankincense, myrrh, and vanilla to give off a warm, rich, sensual, or exotic feel. Also known as "oriental" but due to connotations we don't use that term.
Chypre is the name of a family of perfumes that can be described as a combination of citrus, woody, and mossy scents, kind of like walking through a Mediterranean forest.
(French word for 'fern') perfumes are characterized by a combination of sweet top-notes, often with woody, mossy, or herbaceous notes. It's more herbal than chypre.